NEET PG 2024: High-Yield Topics for Surgery 

High-Yield Topics for Surgery  : To help make your NEET PG preparations more fruitful, Career Media has come up with a list of high-yield topics for Surgery 

Type of Questions asked in NEET PG ?

Based on the latest exam pattern, the following are the primary types of questions that you can expect in the upcoming exam:

1. Single best answer

• Case-based
• Fact-based 
• Concept-based
• Numerical/Value-based

2. Image-based questions

3. True or false type questions

High-Yield Topics for Surgery 

Breast 

• Types of Nipple Discharge 
• Breast Cancer – Risk factors, clinical features, investigation, staging, management, prognosis
• Cystosarcoma Phyllodes – IBQ
• Inflammatory Breast Cancer – IBQ
• Breast Abscess- IBQ
• Fibroadenoma

Thyroid

• Thyroglossal Cyst: IBQ
• Solitary thyroid nodule: Type, investigation and management
• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis & grave’s disease 
• Carcinoma thyroid: types, characteristics, diagnosis & management 
• Complications of thyroidectomy

Parathyroid & Adrenal

• Men Syndrome: Types and associated features
• Hyperparathyroidism: types, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, & management
• Pheochromocytoma: pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management 
• Neuroblastoma: pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management 

Liver 

• Liver anatomy, Pringles maneuver 
• Pyogenic & Amebic liver abscess 
• Hydatid Cyst
• Liver tumors: MC types
• HCC: risk factors, clinical features, investigation and management

Portal Hypertension 

• Variceal bleeding: investigations and management 
• Sengstaken Blakemore & Minnesota Tube
• Portosystemic Shunts
• MELD, PELD Scores and CTP Scores

Gallbladder

• Gallstones: types, etiology, diagnosis, management and complications
• Cholecystitis: Acute, Acalculous, Emphysematous & Xanthogranulomatous 
• Strawberry gallbladder
• Gallbladder Polyps
• Carcinoma gallbladder: Risk factors, investigation, staging and management

Bile Duct

• Choleodochal Cyst: Types, clinical features, investigation and management
• CBD Stones: Types, clinical features, investigation, management and complications
• Cholangitis: Clinical Features, Charcot’s Triad, Reynold’s Pentad, Management 
• Biliary Structures: Strasberg & Bismuth Classification, Investigations & Management
• Biliary Atresia: Classification, Clinical Features, Investigation and Management
• PBS & PSC: Clinical Features, Investigation and Management
• Cholangiocarcinoma: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Investigations and Management

Pancreas

• Acute & Chronic Pancreatitis: Etiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management and Complications 
• Scoring System for Acute Pancreatitis: Ranson’s, BISAP, APACHE, Q-SOFA
• Pseudocyst: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management 
• Cystic Neoplasm of Pancreas: SCN, MCN, and IPMN
• Carcinoma Pancreas: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Radiological Signs, Management, Whipple’s Procedure
• NET of Pancreas: Insulinoma, Gastrinoma, Glucagonoma, & VIPoma

Esophagus

• CDH: Types, Clinical Features, Investigation and Management 
• Hiatus Hernia: (Types, clinical features, investigation and management)
• GERT & Barrett’s Esophagus
• Motility Disorders: Achalasia & DES
• Zenker’s Diverticulum: Killian’s Dehiscence, IBQ
• Carcinoma Esophagus: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Investigation, and Management 
• Boerhaave Syndrome
• Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Stomach

• Peptic Ulcer: Mod Johnson’s Classification, Clinical Features, Management, Complications and Dumping Syndrome
• Upper GI Bleed: Causes, Diagnosis, Management and Complications
• Mallory Weiss Syndrome
• Dieulafoy’s Lesion
• Watermelon Stomach 
• Carcinoma Stomach: Risk Factors, Laurens and Borrman’s Classification, Clinical Features, Investigation, & Management 
• GIST: Clinical Features, Investigation and Management
• IHPS: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Management 

Peritoneum 

• Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
• Perforation Peritonitis: IBQ, Management
• Intraperitoneal Abscess 
• Mesenteric Cyst: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Management 

Intestinal Obstruction 

• Small Bowel Obstruction: Causes, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, X-Ray IBQ, & Management 
• Intussusception: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Signs IBQ, and Management
• Large Bowel Obstruction: Causes, Clinical Features,  Diagnosis, Management, X-Ray, IBQ
• Sigmoid and Cecal Volvulus: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Signs-IBQ, Management

Small Intestine

• Meckel’s Diverticulum: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Specimen IBQ, Management
• GI Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, MC site, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, BMFT IBQ, Management, Complications
• SMA Syndrome: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Carcinoid Tumors: MC site, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Short Bowel Syndrome: Lengths, Clinical Features, Management

Large Intestine

• Hirschsprung’s Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Colonic Diverticula: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Complications
• Colorectal Polyps: Neoplastic & Non-Neoplastic, MC Type
• Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Arborization, & Hypermelanotic macules- IBQ
• FAP & HNPCC: Mutation, Malignancies, & Management, Gardner’s & Turcot’s Syndrome
• Carcinoma Colon: Risk Factors, MC site, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, Types of Colectomy
• Ischemic Colitis: MC site & Thumbprinting 
• Pseudomembranous Colitis: Organism, Diagnosis, Accordion Sign, Management

Ileostomy & Colostomy

• Early and Late Complications 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease 

• Crohn’s Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Signs, Management, Complications
• Ulcerative Colitis: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Signs, Management, Complications
• Crohn’s Diseases & Ulcerative Colitis Differences

Vermiform Appendix

• Acute Appendicitis: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis & Signs, MANTRELS Score, Management, Incisions, Complications
• Ochsner-Sherren Regime
• Carcinoid Tumor of Appendix

Rectum & Anal Canal

• Hemorrhoids: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Rectal Prolapse: IBQ, Management
• Anorectal Abscess: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Management
• Fistula & Fissure-in-ano: Pathogenesis, Parks Classification, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Goodsall’s Rule, Management
• Pilonidal Sinus
• Carcinoma Rectum 
• Carcinoma Anal Canal

Hernia & Abdominal Wall

• Inguinal Hernia: Risk Factors, Direct & Indirect, Omentocele & Enterocele, Bassini, & Shouldice Repair, Lichtenstein Repair, Complications 
• Triangle of Doom, Triangle of Pain & Corona Mortis 
• Strangulated Hernia: Clinical Features & Management
• Femoral Hernia, Sliding Hernia, epigastric Hernia
• Omphalocele & Gastroschisis
• Desmoid Tumor

Spleen

• Splenectomy: Indications, Complications, OPSI
• Splenic Tumors: MC Type

Kidney & Ureter

• Renal Stones: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management ESWL, PCNL, URS
• Genitourinary TB: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, Complications
• Angiomyolipoma
• RCC: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Wilms Tumor: Variants, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• ADPKD: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, Extra-renal Manifestations
• PUJ Obstruction: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Horse-shoe Kidney: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Ureterocele: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Duplication of Ureter: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• VUR: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, International Classification, Management

Urinary Bladder

• Ectopia Vesicae: IBQ, Clinical Features, Associations
• Bladder Stone: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Bladder Rupture: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Signs, Management
• Carcinoma Bladder: Tupes, Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, Chemotherapy

Prostate & Seminal Vesicles

• BPH: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Medical Management, TURP, TUR Syndrome, Prostatectomy
• Carcinoma Prostate: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, PSA

Urethra & Penis

• Hypospadias: Types, IBQ, Clinical Features, Management, Named Repairs
• Posterior Urethral Valve: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Phimosis & Paraphimosis: IBQ, Clinical Features, Management, Complications
• Urethral Injury, Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, IBQ, RGU & MCU, Management
• Carcinoma Penis: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management

Testis & Scrotum

• Undescended Testis: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, Complications
• Testicular Torsion: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Varicocele: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Hydrocele: Types, Management
• Acute Epididymo-Orchitis: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Fournier’s Gangrene: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Testicular Tumors: Risk Factors, MC Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Tumor Markers (AFP, beta-hCG), Management

Arterial Disorders

• Peripheral Arterial Occlusion: Clinical Features
• Buerger’s Disease: Clinical Features, ABPI, Diagnosis, Management, Lumbar Sympathectomy
• AV Fistula: MC Type, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Aneurysm: MC Type, Cut off Diameter, Complications, Martality 
• Subclavian Artery Stenosis and Steal Syndrome: MC Site, Clinical Features
• Vascular Graft: Types and Graft of Choice

Venous Disorders

• DVT: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Varicose Veins: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, Complications, CEAP, Classification

Lymphatic System

• Lymphedema: Types, Clinical Features, Management

Thorax & lung

• Mediastinal Masses: MC Type
• Pneumothorax & Hemothorax: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Tension Pneumothorax: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Pulmonary Embolism & Fat Embolism: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Carcinoma Lung: Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Cardiac & Chest Wall Tumors: MC Type
• Trachea & Esophagus: Foreign Body

Burns

• Causes of death in burns
• Burns Classification: Depth
• Burn Size, Rule of 9, Resuscitation, Parkland Formula, Monitoring

Plastic Surgery & Skin Lesions

• Skin Grafting: Split Thickness, Full Thickness
• Flap: Random, Axial, Free
• Marjolin’s Ulcer
• Skin Malignancies: SCC, BCC, Malignant Melanoma
• Vascular Anomalies: Portwine Stain, Strawberry Angioma, Salmon’s Patch
• Cock’s Peculiar Tumor, Pott’s Puffy Tumor, Pilomatrixoma, Cylindroma
• Angular Dermoid

Wound Healing, Tissue Repair & Scar

• Classification of Surgical Wound: Clean, Clean Contaminated, Contaminated & Dirty
• Degloving Injury
• Compartment Syndrome
• Pressure Ulcer
• NPWT
• Hypertrophic Scar & Keloid

Neurosurgery

• Meningocele & Meningomyelocele
• Berry Aneurysm
• EDH, SDH, SAH, Diffuse Axonal Injuries
• Skull Base Fractures: ACF, MCF & PCF Fracture
• Kernohan’s Notch, Duret Hemorrhage
• Brain Tumors: MC Type, Glioblastoma Multiforme, Medulloblastoma, Meningioma, Metastasis

Oral Cavity

• Carcinoma Oral Cavity: Risk Factors, Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia, Speckled Erythroplakia, SMF, MC Type, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Carcinoma Lip & Tongue

Salivary Glands

• Salivary Gland Tumors: MC Type, Diagnosis, Management
• Ranula
• Parotidectomy: Surgical Landmarks for Facial Nerve, Complications of Parotidectomy, Frey’s Syndrome
• Pleomorphic Adenoma, Warthin’s Tumor & Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
• Sialolithiasis

Neck, Facial Injuries & Abnormalities

• Carotid Body Tumor: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Cystic Hygroma: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management
• Cervical LN Levels, RND & MRND
• Cleft Lip & Palate: Development & Timing of Repair
• Le-Fort Fractures: I, II, & III

Oncology

• Sentinel LN Biopsy: Methods, Indications, IBQ. Complications
• Oncologic Emergencies: Tumor Lysis Syndrome & SVC Syndrome
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma: MC Types, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management, Sarcoma with Lymphatic Spread
• Rhabdomyosarcoma & DFSP
• Radiosensitivity of Organs

Pediatric Surgery

• Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: IBQ

Trauma

• Triage 
• ATLS Protocol: Primary Survey (ABCDDE) & Secondary Survey
• GCS
• Trauma Scoring System: RTS, TRISS & MESS
• Blunt Trauma Abdomen: MC Organs, Investigations, FAST, DPL, Management
• Seat Belt Injury 
• Damage Control Surgery
• Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
• Flail Chest: Definition, Clinical Features, Management

Transplantation

• History of Transplantation, types of graft, graft rejection, Maastricht classification
• Liver Transplantation: Types, sequence of anastomosis
• Heart & Lung Transplantation: Sequence of anastomosis

Robotics, Laparoscopy & Bariatric Surgery

• Pneumoperitoneum: Veress Needle, Gasses used, IAP
• Bariatric Surgery: Indications, RYGB, BPD, Duodenal Switch, Causes of Perioperative Mortality 
• NOTES & POEM

Sutures & Anastomoses 

• Types: Absorbable & Nonabsorbable, Monofilament & Polyfilament
• IBQ: Catgut, Vicryl, Prolene, Monocryl, Interrupted & Mattress Sutures (Horizontal & Vertical)
• Knots: Square Knot, Granny Knot

Sterilization & Infection

• Hospital Acquired Infection: MC Types
• How to prevent SSI: Prophylactic Antibiotics (best time)
• Southampton Wound Grading & ASEPSIS Wound Score
• SIRS, MODS, Sepsis, Septic Shock
• Cellulitis & Erysipelas: IBQ, Differences
• Necrotizing Fasciitis, Gas Gangrene

Shock

• Classification, Indicators of Perfusion, Monitoring
• Hypovolemic Shock 
• Physiological Characteristics of Various Types of Shock
• Cannula Color Coding, Flow Rate

Miscellaneous 

• Nasogastric tube: Length Measurement, Position of Insertion
• Humby Knife
• Foley’s Catheter Color Coding
• Frostbite 
• Psoas Abscess 
• Blood Transfusion 
• TNM Staging: Breast, Gallbladder, Stomach, Colorectal Cancer, Oral Cavity

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